Electrical system of distribution.



W. A. TURBAYNE.

ELEGTRIGAL SYSTEMOI DISTRIBUTION. v

APPLIOATIOH FILED APR. 10, 1909.

962,106, Patented June 21,1910.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM A. TURBAYNE, OF LANCASTER, NEW YORK, ASSTGNOB' TO GOULD COUPLERCOMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y. I

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTION.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed April 10, 1909. Serial No. 489,057.

. and useful Improvement in Electrical Sys tems of Distribution, ofwhich the following is a specification.

This invention relates more particularly to improvements in electricalsystems of distribution of the sort disclosed, for example,

' in application for patent, Serial No. 430,461,

file by me May 2, 1908.

The invention is especially applicable to car lighting systems in whichthe main dynamo or generator is driven by the movement of the car,,and astorage battery is employed which is charged\ by said maingenerator andsupplies the work circuit when the main generator is not in operation.The invention is not, however, restricted in application to car lightingsystems.

The system described in said application comprises a main generatorwhich is driven from one of the car axles, and is subject to the changesin the direction and speed of rotation thereof; an auxiliary regulatingor exciting d namo which excites the main generator an is arranged to bedriven in the same direction and at the same speed as the maingenerator; and an automatically operatin pole-changing device which sodirects the exciting current for the main generator as to maintain thepolarity thereof constant irrespective of its direction of rotation. Thepole changing device also operates to insert the main. generator in itsown exciting circuit in proper relation to the exciting dynamo to causethe voltage of the main enerator to rapidly build-up at a low spec ofrotation, and a main switch is provided which operates to connect-themain generator across the work circuit as the electromotive forcethereof reaches a suitable value. An ordinar safety fuse orcircuit-breaking device is a so preferably employed in the system. 7

The object of the present invention is to provide a by-pass around thesafety fuse or device which insures a suflicient current from the maingenerator through the pole changing device to cause the latter tocombine the circuits "as in its normal operation and revent a possibleshort circuiting of the attery through the pole changing device, in

the event that the main generator attains Patented 'June 21, 1910.

sufficient speed and voltage to close the main switch when the car getsinto motion again after the fuse has been blown out.

The accompanying drawing shows diagrammatically a car lighting systemembodying the invention.

-A represents the main dynamo or enerator and A the field winding thereoThe armature of the main generator is driven from any suitable source ofpower, for instance, from one of the car axles (not shown) .by a pulleyB and belt B.

P represents the auxiliary or regulating dynamo, whose armature issecured to the shaft D of the main generator armature, or is otherwiseconnected thereto for causing the two armatures to turn in the samedirection; G and C represent field windings of the auxiliary dynamo; Ethe storage battery; F the work circuit, which, in the pres entinstance, consists of a number of lamps with a regulating resistance inthe circuit of each; G the pole changing switch or device that controlsthe connections of the field winding A of the main generator; and H themain switch for connecting the main generator to the Work circuit.

The movable parts of the apparatus are shown in the position they occupywhen the main generator is at rest, the main switch H being open and thework circuit being fed from the battery. At this time the field coil Cof the auxiliary dynamo is energized from the battery, the coil beingconnected across the battery through the main generator armature and aresistance C by conductors 1, 2 and 3. The auxiliary dynamo is connectedin a local circuit with the field winding. A of the main generator andthe pole changing device G, the circuit being from the upper brush ofthe auxiliary generator through the field winding A and thence throughthe contacts and the coils of magnets I and I of the pole changingdevice G to the lower brush of the auxiliary dynamo. Thus when thedynainos are started the auxiliary dynamo will send an exciting currentthrough the field of the main generator, and the coils of magnets I I inone direction or the other, depending upon direction of rotation of itsarmature. As soon as the main dynamo develops an electromotive force acurrent is set up in a local circuit which includes main conductor 4:, aconductor j, the contacts and a coil J of the pole changing device G anda conductor j. This current energizes a magnetizable arm J extendingfrom a pivoted switch member G of the pole changing device, and this armwill be attracted to the magnet I or 1 according to the direction of thecurrent from the auxiliary dynamo through the coils of the magnets. Ifthe magnet I attracts the arm J then the pivoted member G will swing soas to break contact between the switch contacts 9 and g and betweencontacts 9* and 9 whereas if the ma net I attracts the arm J the pivotedmem er G will swing so as to break contact between the contacts 9 and gand between the contacts 9 and g. Thus the field A is connected incircuit with both the main generator and the auxiliary dynamo and buildsup very rapidly, while at the same time the current is caused to flowthrough the field in one direction or the other, depending upon thedirection of rotation of the generators, so as to keep the polarity ofthe main generator the same, in the manner more fully explained in saidapplication. When the electromotive force of the main generator hasreached the desired normal value, the main switch H is closed by theaction of its coil H. This throws the work circuit and battery incircuit with the main generator, so that a heavy current is passedthrough the field coil C of the auxiliary dynamo, and short-circuits theother field coil C, thus practically eliminating its effect as anexciting element. The heavy current in the coil 0 now reverses thepolarity of the generator C and causes it to become acounterclectromotive force machine to oppose'the electromotive force ofthe main generator. As the current. varies in the coil thecounterelectromotive force of the auxiliary dynamo will vary andconsequently the electrometive force of the main generator will vary,the arrangement being such that as the current in the coil C increasesthe electromotive force of the main generator will decrease, and viceversa, thus regulating the main generator and causing the currentthrough the coil G which is the battery charging current, to remainsubstantially constant.

K represents the electro-magnetic device for automatically stopping orreducing the battery charging operation when the bat-- tery issufliciently charged. The magnet coil of this device is connected acrossthe battery by conductors It: and so as to be subject to the batteryvoltage. The conductor is is preferably connected with the mainconductor between the main generator and the main switch. When thebattery voltage attains the predetermined desired value, the magneticdevice K operates to connect the conductor 70 with a conductor 70 Thisthrows the coilcoil C will then act cumulatively with the coil C and thecounter-electromotive force of the auxiliary dynamo will be materiallyincreased, with the result of efiectually cuttin down the voltage of themain generator and materially reducing or eliminating the .batterycharging current.

The system as thus far described is disclosed in said application and isherein explained to enable an understanding of the improvement now to bedescribed.

L represents an ordinary'safety fuse or circuit-breaking device locatedin the system between the main generator and main switch and shunted bya lamp or high resistance element M of any suitable sort. In the normaloperation of the system this resistance is inactive. If the safety fuseor device operates to interrupt the circuit while the train is in motionand the generators are in operation, the coil J of the pole changingdevice willbe energized 'from the battery E and the pole changing devicewill not be affected but will maintain the connections alreadyestablished. When the generators are rotating in one direction, thiscircuit will be from the battery through the coil C of the auxiliarydynamo, conductors 4, 9', switch G, field winding A of the maingenerator, armature of the enerator C, coils I, I, switch G, coil J, conuctor y" and main switch H back to the battery. lVhen the generators arerotat ing in the opposite direct-ion, the circuit will be from thebattery through the coil C conductors 4, j, switch G, (30118 I, I,armature of the generator (I, field winding A, switch G, coil J,conductor 9" and main switch H to the negative side of the battery. Theregulating eifect of the auxiliary ynamo ceases on account of thecessation of current from the main generator through the coil C but themain generator being still excited, its voltage will rise until itbecomes sufficient to cause the device K to operate as above described,to reduce the main generator excitation and prevent the voltage of themain generator from rising to an unsafe value. If the generators shouldbe stopped by the stopping of the train, the main switch H will open,and when the train again starts up the auxiliary dynamo will excite thefield A of the main generator and magnets I and I of the pole changingdevice in the manner previously described, as the coil C of theauxiliary dynamo will be energized by the battery, the circuit beingcompleted as before, through the conductor 1, main enerator armature andconductors 2 an 3.

But with an open fuse and no shunted path around the same, no currentwill flow through the coil J of the pole changing device to cause anyaction thereof. Under these conditions,.therefore, if the main eneratorshould attain high enough speed to produce suflicient electromotiveforce to cause the main switch ,to again close, the full battery voltagewould be suddenly shortcircuited through the coil J of the pole changingdevice, the circuit being completed through the coil C of the auxiliarydynamo, conductors 4, j, coil J, conductor j, and the main switch H. Bythe use of the resistance M, however, a shunted path is provided.

around the fuse, and as soon as the main generator produces asubstantial electromotive force a current will flow through the coil Jof the pole changing device, passing from the positive side of the maingenerator throu h the conductor j, coil J conductor y" an resistance Mto the negative side of the main generator. pole changing device tooperate and the voltage of the main generator to build-up just as in thenormal operation of the system, so-that when the main switch closes, thebattery will be simply connected across an opposing force of e ual valueand no damage can result. The use shunted by the resistance, therefore,prevents any damage to any of the windings or devices included 'in theexciting circuits of the various machines.

I claim as my invention:

1. In an electrical system of distribution, the combination of a maingenerator, a main circuit therefor, a battery in o erative relation tosaid generator and said circuit, an auxiliary generator for exciting themain generator, switching means for connecting the auxiliary generatorin proper exciting relation to the main generator, a safety device forbreaking said circuit, and means which maintain a circuit including saidswitching means when said main circuit is broken, substantiall as setforth.

2. In an electrica system of distribution, the combination of a maingenerator, a main circuit therefor, a battery in operative relation tosaid generator and said circuit, an auxiliary generator for exciting themain generator, switching means for connecting the auxiliary generatorin proper exciting relation to the'main enerator, a safety device forbreaking sai circuit, and a resistance shunted around said circuitbreaking device, substantially as set forth.

3. In an electrica system of distribution, the combination of a maingenerator, a main circuit therefor, a battery in operative relation tosaid generator and said circuit, an auxiliary generator for exciting themain generator, switching means for connecting the auxiliary generatorin proper exciting This will cause the relation to the main generator, aswitch for connectlng the mam generator in sald c1rcult, a safety devicefor breaking said C11- cuit, and means which maintain a circuitincluding said switching means .when said main circuit is broken,substantially as set forth.

4. In an electrical system of distribution,

the combination of a main generator, a main circuit therefor, a batteryin operative relation to said generator and said circuit, an auxiliarygenerator for exciting the main generator, switching means forconnecting the auxiliary generator in proper exciting relation tothemain generator, a fuse in said circuit, a switch for connecting the maingenerator in said circuit, and a resistance shunted around said fuse,substantially as set forth. '5. In an electrical system of distribution,the combination of a main generator, a main circuit therefor, a batteryin operative rela tion to said generator and said circuit, an auxiliarygenerator, means for connecting the auxiliary generator to excite themain generator, means dependent'upon the current flow from the maingenerator for connecting the two generators in series to excite the maingenerator, a safety device for breaking said circuit, and means whichmaintain a circuit including said switching means when said main circuitis broken, substantially as set forth. I

6. In an electrical system of distribution, the combination of a mainenerator whose armature is driven in opposite directions, a main circuittherefor, a battery in operative relation to said generator and saidcircuit, an auxiliary generator Whose armature is driven in the samedirection as the main generator armature and which excites the maingenerator, means for controlling the connection of the auxiliarygenerator with the main generator to keep the polarity of the maingenerator constant, a safety device for breaking said circuit, and aresistance shunted around said circuit breaking" device, substantiallyas set forth. I

7. In an electrical system of distribution, the combination of a maingenerator, a main circuit therefor, a battery 1n operative relation tosaid generator and said circuit, an auxiliary generator and connectionswhich regulate the voltage of the main generator, a safety device forbreaking said circuit when the current therein reaches a certain value,and means which maintain a circuit including said regulating connectionswhen an auxiliary generator and connections for keeping the polarit ofthe main generator constant, a safety evice for breaking said circuitwhen the current therein reaches a certain value, and means whichmaintain a circuit including said regulatin connections when said maincircuit is broken, substantially as set forth.

9. In an electrical system of distribution, the combination of a maingenerator Whose armature is driven in opposite directions, a maincircuit therefor, a battery in operative relation to said generator andsaid circuit, an auxiliary generator and connections for regulating thevoltage and keeping the polarity of the main generator constant, asafety device for breaking said circuit when the current therein reachesa certain value, and means which maintain a circuit including saidregulating connections when said main circuit is broken, substantiallyas set forth.

10. In an electrical system of distribution, the combination of a maingenerator, a mair.

. circuit therefor, a battery in operative relation to the generator andto said circuit, an auxiliary generator and connections for regulatingthe voltage and polarity of the main generator, said auxiliary generatorhaving an exciting coil initially energized by sai battery, and anexciting coil su plied by the main generator, a safety evice forbreaking said circuit, and means for main.- taining a circuit includingsaid regulating connections when said main circuit is broken,

substantially as set forth.

11. In an electrical system of distribution, the combination of a maingenerator, a main circuit therefor, a battery in operative relation tosaid generator and said circuit, an auxiliary generator and connectionswhich regulate the voltage of the main generator, means for reducing thevoltage of the main generator when the battery voltage reaches apredetermined value, a safety device for breaking said circuit, andmeans which maintain a circuit including said regulating connectionswhen said main circuit is broken, substantially as set forth.

Witness my hand, this 2d day of April, 1909.

' WILLIAM A. TURBAYNE.

Witnesses:

C. W. PARKER, C. B. HORNBECK.

